DEFINITION OF ARAL SEA

A large inland sea in southwestern Kazakhstan

and northwest Uzbekistan, east of the Caspian Sea. The Aral

Sea is fed by the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers that flow

from the Hindu Kush and Tien Shan Mountains to the south

and is very shallow, attaining a maximum depth of only 220

feet (70 m). In the latter half of the 20th century, the Soviet

government diverted much of the water from the Syr Darya

and Amu Darya Rivers for irrigation, which has had dramatic

effects on the inland sea. In the 1970s the Aral was the

fourth largest lake, covering 26,569 square miles (68,000

km2). It had an average depth of 52.5 feet (16 m) and was the

source of about 45,000 tons of carp, perch, and pike fish

each year. Since the diversion of the rivers, the Aral has

shrunk dramatically, retreating more than 31 miles (50 km)

from its previous shore, lowering the average depth to less

than 30 feet (9 m), reducing its area to less than 15,376

square miles (40,000 km2), and destroying the fishing industry

in the entire region. Furthermore, since the lake bottom

has been exposed, winds have been blowing the salts from

the evaporated water around the region, destroying the local

farming. The loss of evaporation from the sea has even

changed the local climate, reducing rainfall and increasing the

temperatures, all of which exacerbate the problems in the

region. Disease and famine have followed, devastating the

entire central Asian region.

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