Definition of Atlas Mountains

A series of mountains and plateaus in

northwest Africa extending about 1,500 miles (2,500 km) in

southwest Morocco, northern Algeria, and northern Tunisia.

The highest peak in the Atlas is Jabel Toubkal at 13,665 feet

(4,168 m) in southwest Morocco. The Atlas are dominantly

folded sedimentary rocks uplifted in the Jurassic and related

to the Alpine system of Europe. The Atlas consists of several

ranges separated by fertile lowlands in Morocco, from north

to south including the Rif Atlas, Middle Atlas, High Atlas

(Grand Atlas), and the Anti Atlas. The Algerian Atlas consists

of a series of plateaus including the Tell and Saharan

Atlas rimming the Chotts Plateau, then converging in

Tunisia. The Atlas form a climatic barrier between the

Atlantic and Mediterranean basins and the Sahara, with

rainfall falling on north-facing slopes, but arid conditions

dominating on the rain shadow south-facing slopes. The

Atlas are rich in mineral deposits, including coal, iron, oil,

and phosphates. The area is also used extensively for sheep

grazing, with farming in the more fertile intermountain

basins.

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