DEFINITION OF BENCH MARK

Well-defined, uniformly fixed point on the

land’s surface that is used for a reference point from which

other measurements can be made. It is generally marked by a

circular bronze disk with a 3.75-inch (10-cm) diameter

embedded firmly in bedrock or other permanent structure. In

the United States, bench marks are installed and maintained

by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and by the U.S. Geological

Survey. The elevations of many benchmarks were in

the past established by a surveying technique called differential

leveling. Now it is more common to determine elevations

using satellite-based differential global positioning systems.

Bench marks are marked on topographic maps using the

abbreviation B.M., and they are used for determining elevation

and for surveying and construction.

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