DEFINITION OF COASTAL DOWNWELLING

A phenomenon where winds moving

parallel to the coast cause the ocean surface waters to move

toward the shoreline, necessitating a corresponding deeper

flow from the coast below the shoreward-moving coastal

water. Ocean surface currents generally move at right angles

to the dominant wind and move at a velocity of about 2 percent

of the winds. Therefore, onshore winds cause currents to

move parallel to the coasts, whereas alongshore winds set up

currents that move toward or away from the shore.

See also COASTAL UPWELLING; EKMAN SPIRALS; OCEAN

CURRENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY.

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