DEFINITION OF DECLINATION

The horizontal angle at any location on the

Earth that measures the difference between the magnetic

north pole and the Earth’s true or rotational north pole. It is

one of the magnetic elements used to describe the planet’s

magnetic field lines, the other element being the inclination,

which measures the inclination of the magnetic field lines,

measured in the vertical plane.

On average the Earth’s magnetic and rotational poles are

coincident, but the magnetic poles migrate around the rotational

poles, with the magnetic pole currently located approximately

20° from the rotational pole in the Canadian Arctic

islands. Navigators must adjust their magnetic compasses to

account for the declination at any point in order to account

for this deviation of the magnetic pole from the rotational

pole. Maps showing the declination are used for this purpose.

Topographic maps show the magnetic declination and the

rate and direction of change with time.

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