Small tornado-like swirls or spinning vortices
that are commonly observed on hot days in desert areas.
Most have diameters of a few meters and rise less than 325
feet (100 m), but a few can rise many hundred meters and
contain damaging winds of 80 miles per hour (129 km/hr).
They are known (and feared) as jifn, or evil spirits in much of
Arabia, and as willy-willys in Australia. Dust devils form
when the Sun’s energy on clear, hot days heats the dry surface
so much that the air directly above the surface becomes
unstable, setting up low-level convection. Winds that blow
into the area to replace the rising air can be deflected around
topographic irregularities, causing the rising air to rotate and
form the dust devils. Dust devils are not as damaging or longlived
as tornadoes, and differ from them in that they form by
spinning air rising from the surface, whereas tornadoes form
by spinning air descending from a thunderstorm cloud.














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