DEFINITION OF EOCENE

The middle epoch of the Paleogene (Lower Tertiary)

Period, and the rock series deposited during this time

interval. The Eocene ranges from 57.8 million years ago to

36.6 million years ago and is divided from base to top into

the Ypresian, Lutetian, Bartonian, and Priabonian ages. The

Eocene epoch was named by Charles Lyell in 1833 for mollusk-

bearing strata in the Paris basin.

The Tethys Ocean was undergoing final closure during

the Eocene, and the main Alpine orogeny occurred near the

end of the epoch. Global climates were warm in the Eocene

and shallow water benthic nummulites and other large

foraminifera became very abundant. Mammals became the

dominant tetrapods on the land, and whales were common in

the seas about midway through the epoch. Continental flora

included broad-leafed trees in low latitude forests, and

conifers at high latitudes.

See also TERTIARY.

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