Long, narrow, U-shaped glacial valleys that are flooded
by arms of the sea. Many are bordered by several hundredmeter-
high steep-walled rocky cliffs along mountainous coasts,
such as those found in Scandinavia, Alaska, British Colombia,
Patagonia, Greenland, Baffin Island, Iceland, Ellesmere Island,
New Zealand, and Antarctica. They typically have a shallow
sill or bedrock bench at their mouth and become deeper
inland. Fiords form as glacially excavated valleys that later
become flooded by the sea after the glacier melts. Fiord is the
English spelling of the Norwegian word fjord.
See also GLACIER.
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