DEFINITION OF GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS

Attempts to explain the general

or average way that the atmosphere and oceans circulate

and redistribute heat and moisture. These models do not

account for daily variations of the circulation patterns but

look at seasonal and longer term averages. Many general circulation

models attempt to answer fundamental questions

about the motion of the atmosphere, what drives this motion,

and what are its consequences. They may start with input

such as the latitudinal distribution of heating in different seasons,

and try to determine how the atmosphere moves heat

from the equator toward the poles, and also consider the

return flow of cold air from the poles to the equator. Other

inputs to the models would include the distribution of continents

and their uneven heating effects, the influences of

topography on atmospheric circulation, the rotation of the

Earth, and interactions between the oceans and atmosphere.

See also ATMOSPHERE; EL NIÑO; HADLEY CELLS; LA NIÑA.

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