The description, classification, and study
of the physical properties and the origin of the landforms of
the Earth’s surface. Most studies in geomorphology include
an analysis of the development of landforms and their relationships
to underlying structures, and how the surface has
interacted with other Earth systems such as the hydrosphere,
cryosphere, and atmosphere. Geomorphologists have become
increasingly concerned with the study of global climate
change, and with the development of specific landforms associated
with active deformation and tectonics. These relatively
new fields of global change and active tectonic geomorphology
represent a significant movement away from classical geomorphology,
concerned mostly with the evolutionary
development of landforms.
Geomorphology includes many different processes that
operate on the surface of the planet, so the geomorphologist
needs to integrate hydrology, climate, sedimentology, geology,
forestry, pedology, and many other sciences. The decomposition
of bedrock and the development of soils are important
for geomorphologists; they relate to global climate systems
and may have importance for local engineering problems
such as determining slope stability for construction sites.
Other geomorphologists may study the development and evolution
of drainage basins, along with the analysis of fluvial
landforms such as floodplains, terraces, and deltas. Desert
geomorphology is concerned with the development of desert
landforms and climate, whereas glacial geomorphology anageomorphology
lyzes the causes and effects of the movement of glaciers.
Coastal processes including erosion, deposition, and longshore
movement of sand are treated by coastal geomorphologists,
whereas the development of various other types of
landforms, such as karst, alpine, the seafloor, and other terrains
are treated by other specialists.
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