DEFINITION OF HELIOTROPISM

The tendency of a plant to grow toward

sunlight is a type of phototropism in which the Sun is the

orienting stimulus. Some plants, like sunflowers, orient their

flowers toward the sunlight and track the movement of the

Sun across the sky during the day. Several early scientists,

including Charles Darwin in 1880, published observations

of heliotropism in plants and related their movement to

photosynthesis. Some organisms, such as columnar stromatolites,

may also grow toward sunlight, forming columns

that are inclined toward the average direction of the Sun for

each season. For stromatolites that grow throughout the

year, sinusoidal columns may grow upward, reflecting inclination

toward the average direction of the Sun during different

seasons.

See also STROMATOLITE.

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