DEFINITION OF INFRARED

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with

wavelengths between 0.7 microns and about one millimeter.

Infrared radiation is used in earth sciences for remote sensing

of surfaces, since it has some properties that optical and other

wavelength sensors do not possess. Some types of shortwave

infrared radiation (from 2.1–2.4 microns) lead to molecular

interactions with minerals in rocks, particularly those minerals

with Al-OH, Mg-OH, and C-O bonds. When viewed in

the infrared, rocks with minerals with these bonds will show a

number of narrow absorption features whose wavelengths

depend on the content of minerals with these bonds. Infrared

radiation can therefore be used to detect and differentiate

between minerals such as micas, clays, magnesium silicates,

and carbonates. At longer infrared wavelengths, the signature

is dominated by the temperature of the surface, in reflected

sunlight. Since many minerals have very different thermal

emission spectra, thermal imagery also provides a potentially

powerful way to differentiate between rock and mineral types.

See also REMOTE SENSING.

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