A very hard and compact gemstone with uneven colors,
ranging from dark green to greenish white. It has been
used for thousands of years as an ornamental stone for jewelry,
notably by native Central Americans, and western North
and South American tribes. The source of much of the jade
used by the Aztecs has long been a mystery, but sources were
recently discovered in remote parts of Guatemala. Jade is
made of either the pyroxene mineral jadeite, or the amphibole
mineral nephrite, although many other minerals have
been falsely marketed as jade. Some of the minerals that have
been used as substitutes for jade include serpentine, vesuvianite,
sillimanite, pectolite, garnet, and sausserite.
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