DEFINITION OF MAGNETIC COMPASS

The magnetic compass is an instrument

that indicates the whole circle bearing from the magnetic

meridian to a particular line of sight. It consists of a needle

that aligns itself with the Earth’s magnetic flux, and with

some type of index that allows for a numeric value for the

calculation of bearing. A compass can be used for many

things. The most common application is for navigation. People

are able to navigate throughout the world by simply using

a compass and map. The accuracy of a compass is dependent

on other local magnetic influences such as man-made objects

or natural abnormalities such as local geology. The compass

needle does not really point true north but is attracted and

oriented by magnetic force lines that vary in different parts of

the world and are constantly changing. For example, when

you read north on a compass you are reading the direction

toward the magnetic north pole. To offset this phenomenon

we use calculated declination values to convert the compass

reading to a usable map reading. Since the magnetic flux

changes through time it is necessary to replace older maps

with newer maps to insure accurate and precise up-to-date

declination values.

See also GEOMAGNETISM; PALEOMAGNETISM.

magnetic field See GEOMAGNETISM; PALEOMAGNETISM.

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