DEFINITION OF MOLASSE

Thick sequences of coarse-grained post-orogenic

sandstones, conglomerate, shales, and marls that form in

response to the erosion of orogenic mountain ranges are

known as molasse. The name is derived from the classic

Miocene-Oligocene-Pliocene molasse of the European foreland,

deposited across much of France, Switzerland, and Germany

and overlying the Alpine flysch sequence. These

sediments are up to four miles (7 km) thick on the Swiss

Plateau and represent rapid erosion of the Alps. Lower parts

of the molasse include shallow marine and tidally influenced

sediments, overlain by alluvial fan deltas, alluvial fan complexes,

and overbank deposits.

See also FLYSCH; PLATE TECTONICS.

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