DEFINITION OF NUÉE ARDENTE

Volcano-generated hot glowing clouds of

dense gas and ash that may reach temperatures of nearly

1,850°F (1,000°C), rush down volcanic flanks at 450 miles

per hour (700 km/hour), and travel more than 60 miles (100

km) from the volcanic vent. They are one of the most dangerous

and devastating types of volcanic flows known. Nuée

ardentes have been the nemesis of many a volcanologist and

curious observer, as well as thousands upon thousands of

unsuspecting or trusting villagers. Nuée ardentes are but one

type of pyroclastic flow, which include a variety of mixtures

of volcanic blocks, ash, gas, and lapilli that produce volcanic

rocks called ignimbrites. Nuée ardentes were responsible for

the destruction and burial of Pompeii by an eruption from

Vesuvius in 79 C.E., preserving people, animals, and artifacts

in a dense layer of ash. In 1902 an eruption of Mount Pelée

buried the city of St. Pierre on Martinique killing approximately

29,000 people.

See also CONVERGENT PLATE MARGIN PROCESSES;

VOLCANO.

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