DEFINITION OF OXIDE MINERALS

Mineral compounds that are formed by

the bonding of oxygen with one or more metallic elements.

Common examples include periclase (MgO), cassiterite

(SnO2), corundum (Al2O3), ruby (a corundum with minor

amounts of chromium ions), hematite (Fe2O3), ilmenite

(FeTiO3), rutile (TiO2), anatase (TiO2), and perovskite

([Ca,Na,Fe+2,Ce][Ti,Nb]O3). The spinel group consists of a

number of oxide minerals with the general formula AB2O4.

Included are spinel (MgAl2O4), hercynite (Fe+2Al2O4), gahnite

(ZnAl2O4), galaxite (MnAl2O4), magnesioferrite (MgFe+3

2O4),

magnetite (Fe+2Fe+3

2O4), ulvospinel (Fe+2Ti2O4), franklinite

(ZnFe+3

2O4), jacobsite (MnFe+3

2O4), trevorite (NiFe+3

2O4),

magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4), and chromite (Fe+2Cr2O4).

Oxide minerals are of great economic importance since they

include ores of most metals that are necessary for industrial,

technological, and manufacturing applications. Most of the

oxide minerals exhibit ionic bonds, with the size of lattice

structures dependent on the size of the metallic cations. Some

minerals in the spinel group are used as gemstones.

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