The study of past life based on fossil evidence,
the lines of descent of organisms, and the relationships between
life and other geological phenomena. Information from fossil
distributions is used to understand ancient environments and
climates and to constrain former ties between now separated
landmasses. Many paleontologists are concerned with mechanisms
of extinction and the appearance of new organisms, as
well as the mode of life of organisms and their evolution. In the
past, paleontology was mostly a descriptive science describing
the morphology of fossils, but in recent years it has become
much closer to biology, with a new science of geobiology
emerging. In this approach, many biological methods are
applied to the study of fossils, including cladistic methods,
functional morphology, and even paleogenetic studies.
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