DEFINITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

The process in green plants of trapping

solar energy and using this energy to drive a series of chemical

reactions that results in the production of carbohydrates

such as sugar or glucose. These carbohydrates then form the

basic food for the plant, and for insects and animals that eat

these plants. Photosynthesis is therefore one of the most

important processes for life on Earth. In order for photosynthesis

to occur, the plant must contain chloroplasts with the

green pigment chlorophyll and have supplies of carbon dioxide

and water. One of the products of photosynthesis is oxygen,

also necessary for most life to exist on the planet. Before

simple single-celled organisms developed photosynthesis in

the Precambrian, there was probably very little oxygen in the

atmosphere. Therefore, the process has also been responsible

for changing the conditions on the planet’s surface to become

more hospitable for life to develop into forms that are more

complex, and for conditions to evolve so that they are suitable

for humans.

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