Rockfalls are the free falling of detached bodies of bedrock
from a cliff or steep slope. They are common in areas of very
steep slopes, where rockfall deposits may form huge deposits
of boulders at the base of the cliff. Rockfalls can involve a
single boulder or the entire face of a cliff. Debris falls are similar
to rockfalls but consist of a mixture of rock and weathered
debris and regolith.
Rockfalls have been responsible for the destruction of
parts of many villages in the Alps and other steep mountain
ranges, and rock fall deposits have dammed many a river valley,
creating lakes behind the newly fallen mass. Some of
these natural dams have been extended and heightened by
engineers to make reservoirs, with examples including Lake
Bonneville on the Columbia River and the Cheakamus Dam
in British Columbia. Smaller examples abound in many
mountainous terrains.
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