DEFINITION OF ROGUE WAVES

Waves usually lose energy and decrease in

amplitude as they interact with other waves as they move

away from the region in which they were generated. In some

cases, however, waves interact with currents in a way that

dramatically increases the amplitude of some isolated waves,

forming huge towering wave crests capable of capsizing even

the largest ships. Some of these rogue waves have been reported

to be hundreds of feet high. Regions where large ocean

swells meet strong oncoming currents are known for rogue

waves. For instance, off the coast of southern Africa, huge

ocean swells generated in the southern ocean between Africa

and Antarctica move north, and meet the south-flowing

Aghullas current flowing out of the Mozambique Channel.

The current causes some of the waves to steepen and become

shorter in wavelength, with some becoming so steep they are

close to breaking in open waters. Deep holes form in front of

these waves, presenting a particular hazard to ships as the

holes can often not be seen until the ship is plunging into

them, only to be quickly overrun by the towering wave. Huge

rogue waves are known to form in other regions such as the

North Atlantic, and near Bermuda where large ocean swells

interact with the Gulf Stream current. Rogue waves may be

the explanation for the large number of ships that have been

reported lost without a trace in the Bermuda triangle region.

See also OCEANOGRAPHY; WAVES.

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