DEFINITION OF SEA BREEZE

A local coastal wind that blows from the ocean

over the adjacent land, formed from thermal circulation related

to the uneven heating of land and water. Land surfaces

heat up more quickly than sea surfaces during the day, creating

a shallow thermal low above the land. The air above the

water remains cool and develops a shallow thermal high. As

the pressure difference builds, a sea breeze begins to blow

from the high over the water to the low over the land. The

breeze tends to be strongest right at the beach because the

pressure gradients are strongest at the boundary between the

high- and low-pressure systems. Similar effects may form

along large lake shores and are called lake breezes.

During the night the land cools more quickly than the

sea, and the opposite pressure situation develops. The air

over the land is cooled more than the air over the sea, so a

high develops over the land and a low develops over the sea,

causing a land breeze to blow from the land over the sea.

Warming of the land in the daylight hours usually causes

the sea breeze to start around mid-morning, increasing in

strength and distance as it penetrates inland during the afternoon.

Strong sea breezes may penetrate 15 miles (24 km)

inland. The boundary between the cool ocean air and the

warm air over the land is demarcated by the sea breeze front.

Passing of the front on the land on a warm summer day may

cause temperatures to quickly drop 5°F or more, with an

increase in humidity and change in the wind direction. In

some cases the ocean air is so moist that water, and other pollutants,

condense around salt particles and then the sea

breeze moves in as a visible cloud layer, smoke front, or smog

front. Small localized storms may also form along the sea

breeze front since the air is rising as the front moves inland.

Sea breezes are most common and best-developed yearround

in tropical regions, where large temperature differences

exist between the sea and the ground. In temperate regions

sea breezes are best developed in the spring and fall seasons.

See also ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS; KATABATIC WINDS.

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