A slump is a type of sliding slope failure in which a downward
and outward rotational movement of rock or regolith
occurs along a concave up slip surface. This produces either a
singular or a series of rotated blocks, each with the original
ground surface tilted in the same direction. Slumps are especially
common after heavy rainfalls and earthquakes and are
common along roadsides and other slopes that have been
artificially steepened to make room for buildings or other
structures. Slump blocks may continue to move after the initial
sliding event, and in some cases this added slippage is
enhanced by rainwater that falls on the back-tilted surfaces,
infiltrates along the fault, and acts as a lubricant for added
fault slippage.
A translational slide is a variation of a slump in which
the sliding mass moves not on a curved surface but downslope
on a preexisting plane, such as a weak bedding plane or
a joint. Translational slides may remain relatively coherent or
break into small blocks forming a debris slide.
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