A high-latitude forest and/or swampy region that
occupies regions between the tundra and the steppe. The
taiga forest is a common feature in northern Canada and
Nunavet and Siberia. The taiga is sometimes called the cold
woodland and is characterized by low trees that are spaced
well apart, numerous shrubs, and an extensive moss and
lichen cover on the ground and rocky surfaces. Much of the
northern regions occupied by taiga were glaciated in the
Pleistocene and so have thin poorly developed and poorly
drained soils resting on bedrock. Many poorly drained
depressions develop into bogs or thick swampy accumulations
of peat known as muskeg. The northern forest is inhabited
by many herds of caribou, wandering black and grizzly
bears, wolverines, wolves, and billions of swarms of
mosquitoes.
tectonics See PLATE TECTONICS.














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