WHO IS Lawson, Andrew Cowper (1861–1952) Scottish Geologist

Andrew Lawson is known for his work in isostasy. He studied

in public schools in Hamilton, Ontario, and later received his

bachelor’s degree in 1883 from the University of Toronto. He

then received his master’s degree and his doctorate from the

Johns Hopkins University in 1888. Lawson then spent seven

years with the Geological Survey of Canada until he moved to

the University of California, Berkeley, where he remained for

60 years. During this time, his studies of isostasy continued

over three decades, and these studies brought special attention

to the importance of isostasy in diastrophism. He also developed

the logical consequences of isostatic adjustment as an

important factor in orogenesis. In some cases this was seen as

the determinative agent in the elevation of mountains and the

depression of deep troughs and basins. His research areas

included the Sierra Nevada, the Great Valley of California, the

Mississippi delta, the Cordillera, and the Canadian shield.

Lawson also spent some 40 years studying the northwest

region of Lake Superior where he provided new information

and revised the correlation of the pre-Cambrian rocks over a

large part of North America. His earlier studies of Lake of the

Woods and Rainy Lake showed that the Laurentian granites

were intrusive into metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary

rocks that he called the Keewatin Series. Under this series he

found another sedimentary series which he called Coutchiching

and saw these as the oldest rocks in the series. Later

research on this area showed that two periods of batholithic

invasion were followed by a great period of peneplaination.

These surfaces, the Laurentian peneplain and the Eparchean

peneplain, were used as references for the correlation of the

invaded formations and for the subsequently deposited sedimentary

beds over the areas. Lawson also worked as a consultant

in a number of construction engineering projects including

the Golden Gate Bridge.

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