PHOTOGRAPHY LIBRARIES RELIED ON UNUSED IMAGES FROM COMMERCIAL ASSIGNMENTS

photography libraries relied on unused images from commercial assignments

The earliest stock photography libraries relied on unused images from commercial assignments. Stock photography evolved from the midtwentieth photographers specializing in supplying stock photo libraries with new work. mitting film originals (normally transparencies) to the stock libraries.

Transparencies were drum-scanned (an expensive high-quality scanning process), and selections of new images were included in catalogues made available in hard copy to image buyers. producing, indexing, and promoting stock photographs was and

The photographer incurs fi lm purchasing and processing costs. The image library has to hand catalogue the images received from the photographers and to take great care of them; the library incurs further costs in periodically producing catalogues of a selection of images for review by potential buyers. I can recall visiting image libraries in the 1980s to make personal project. could command substantial fees to license the use of images to buyers. High prices were justifi ed by high production, cataloguing, scanning, distribution, management, and storage costs. photography market, led by Getty Images and Corbis. The sales pitch remained much the same—high-quality pictures at relatively high prices. Images were not “sold” but “licensed.” The license would allow the buyer to use the image for the specifi c purpose or purposes agreed on with the stock library in advance. by a number of factors, such as image placement (front page, inside page, etc.), size, circulation of the publication, duration of the license, industry segment, and geographical spread.

The traditional licensing of images remains the backbone of the stock photography market. Many libraries offering licensed images also prove restrictive, and in the 1980s, royalty-free stock photography. The title “royalty free” is misleading. a fee for the image at the outset; however, once the image has been paid for, the buyer can use the image indefi nitely and for multiple purposes. to repeat the use of an image. The downside for the buyer is the risk royalty-free sales model.

At the outset of royalty-free stock photography, prices were comparable to those for licensed images.

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