An instrument that indicates the whole circle bearing
from the magnetic meridian to a particular line of sight.
The magnetic compass consists of a needle that aligns itself
with the Earth’s magnetic flux, and with some type of index
that allows for a numeric value for the calculation of bearing.
A compass can be used for many things. The most common
application is for navigation. People are able to navigate
throughout the world simply by using a compass and
map. The accuracy of a compass is dependent on other local
magnetic influences such as man-made objects or natural
abnormalities such as local geology. The compass itself does
not really point to true north, but the compass is attracted
by magnetic force that varies in different parts of the world,
and it is constantly changing. For example, when you read
north on a compass, you are reading the direction toward
the magnetic north pole. To offset this phenomena, calculated
declination values are used to convert the compass reading
to a usable map reading. Since the magnetic flux changes
through time, it is necessary to replace older maps with
newer maps to insure accurate and precise up-to-date declination
values.
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