DEFINITION OF CORIOLIS EFFECT

The Coriolis effect or force produces a

deflection of moving objects and currents to the right in the

Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

The force ranges from zero at the equator to a maximum

at the poles. The force can be understood by

considering the rotation of the Earth from a position above

the poles. Looking down from above the north pole, the rotation

appears to be counterclockwise, and from above the

south pole it appears to be clockwise. Points on the poles

simply turn around once every 24 hours, whereas points that

lie on the equator must speed through space at 1,000 miles

per hour (1,600 km/hr).

As air and water move poleward from the equatorial

regions they bring the higher velocity they acquired closer to

the equator. The slower speeds of rotation of the Earth under

the moving air and water causes these fluids to move a

greater distance per unit of time than the underlying Earth,

resulting in a deflection to the right in the Northern Hemisphere,

and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Likewise,

air and water that are moving from the poles to the equator

will be moving slower than the underlying Earth, causing the

Earth to move more per unit of time than the air or water.

This again causes a deflection to the right in the Northern

Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

See also ATMOSPHERE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION.

cosmology See BIG BANG THEORY.

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