DEFINITION OF EUTROPHICATION

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A process in which lakes or other water

bodies become enriched in nutrients necessary for plant

growth, leading to an increase in primary productivity. The

process typically leads to the prolific growth of algae that are

in turn necessary for fish and animal life. It is most common

in shallow lakes, and the process is usually slow, in some

cases being related to the infilling of the lake or the erosion of

the lake outlet. Deposits from eutrophic lakes tend to be rich

in rapidly decaying organic matter. In contrast to natural

eutrophication, human-induced eutrophication can occur

rapidly and is often caused by the dumping of sewage, fertilizers,

or other nutrient-rich substances into lakes, or an

increase in the lake’s temperature due to discharge of industrial

or power plant cooling waters.

See also ECOSYSTEM.

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