DEFINITION OF FISSION

Splitting of heavy atomic nuclei into two or more

fragments, accompanied by the release of two or three neutrons

and a large amount of nuclear energy. This process

occurs naturally and spontaneously in nuclei of U235, which

is the main fuel used in nuclear reactors. In nuclear accelerators,

this process is achieved by bombarding atomic nuclei

with neutrons that become unstable and split, releasing additional

neutrons in a series of reactions known as a continuous

chain reaction. The minimum amount of fissile material

that can undergo a continuous chain reaction is known as the

critical mass. This process must be controlled or a nuclear

explosion will result. In nuclear reactors the neutrons

released from U235 are used to set up further reactions in a

controlled chain reaction, creating large amounts of harnessable

nuclear energy.

See also RADIOACTIVE DECAY.

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