DEFINITION OF GEYSER

A type of spring in which hot water or steam sporadically

or episodically erupts as jets from an opening in the

surface, in some cases creating a tower of water many tens of

meters high. Geysers are often marked on the surface by a

cone of siliceous sinter and other minerals that precipitated

from the hot water, known as geyser cones. Many also have

deposits of thermophyllic (heat-loving) bacteria that can form

layers and mounds in stromatolitic buildups. Geysers form

where water in pore spaces and cracks in bedrock gets heated

by an underlying igneous intrusion or generally hot rock,

causing it to boil and erupt, then the lost water is replaced by

other water that comes in from the side of the system. In this

way, a circulation system is set up that in some cases is quite

regular with a predictable period between eruptions. The

most famous geyser in the world is Old Faithful in Yellowstone

National Park, Wyoming.

See also GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.

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