Who is Hess, Harry Hammond (1906–1969) American Geologist

Harry Hess was an American geologist who was born in New

York and studied at Yale University as an electrical engineer

but later changed to study geology. He spent two years in

Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) studying as an exploration geologist

before he continued his studies at Princeton University.

As a graduate student, Hess worked with a number of students

in a submarine gravity study of the West Indies under F.

A. Vening Meinesz. Later he extended these studies into the

Lesser Antilles using naval submarines. In December 1941, as

a U.S. Navy reserve officer, Hess was called to active duty in

New York City and was assigned responsibility for detecting

enemy submarine operation patterns in the North Atlantic,

resulting in the virtual elimination of the submarine threat

within two years. Hess arranged a transfer to the decoy vessel

U.S.S. Big Horn to test the effectiveness of the submarine

detection program; he then remained on sea duty for the rest

of the war. As commanding officer of the transport vessel

U.S.S. Cape Johnson, Hess carefully chose his travel routes to

Pacific Ocean landings on the Marianas, Philippines, and Iwo

Jima, continuously using his ship’s echo sounder. This

unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect

ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean,

resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes,

which he termed “guyots” after the Princeton Geology Building.

Hess contributed greatly to the fields of science, including

geophysics, geodesy, tectonophysics, and mineralogy.

Because of his outstanding achievements, the American Geophysical

Union set up the “Harry H. Hess Medal for outstanding

achievements in research in the constitution and

evolution of Earth and sister planets.”

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