The process of changing an unconsolidated
sediment into a solid coherent rock. It may include a variety
of processes that may act separately or together. For instance,
cementing of grains together by minerals, typically quartz or
calcite, that flow in the pore spaces between grains may
change a loose sediment into a hard rock. Compaction of
sediment may force grains together, causing one to impinge
upon another, and causing them to be tightly joined together.
Compaction may also drive the water out of a group of sediments,
forcing grains closer together and aiding lithification.
See also SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
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