Who Is Steno, Nicolas (1638–1686) Danish Anatomist, Paleontologist, Bishop

Nicolas Steno is probably the first scientist to

clearly show that fossils are organic remains of formerly living

organisms. He studied anatomy at Copenhagen and Leiden,

and Florence. While dissecting a shark, he noted the

similarity between the teeth of the modern shark and fossil

shark teeth in local strata. After this revelation, Steno traveled

around Tuscany collecting as many fossils as he could,

becoming obsessed with understanding the origin of fossils.

He produced a major work on the origin of fossils, the

Prodomus, in 1669, that led him to ponder the difference

between his observations and the history of the world as

described in his version of the Bible. Steno proposed the law

of stratal superposition, clearly outlining that younger rocks

are deposited over older rocks, and he recognized a sequence

of changing fossil forms in the stratigraphic record. He also

described metalliferous mineral deposits, recognizing crosscutting

veins, and he described volcanic mountain building,

erosion, and faulting. Steno was converted to Catholicism,

eventually being appointed bishop, in which position he completed

the rest of his life.

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